![]() As computers are increasingly embedded in physical environments, embodied interaction has expanded to ubiquitous computing with the development of new technologies. Interaction between an occupant and an interactive system in a built environment relies on embodied interaction, an approach to HCI designs emphasizing everyday experience as a foundational concept for HCI. We look to metaphorical design to provide a common mental model for both designers and users in the transition from traditional to smart environments. Metaphorical references can also assist users in perceiving affordances of novel designs. Using metaphors is a design technique that can frame new design spaces for interactive designs and support designers in creating novel interaction experiences. Therefore, designing smart environments requires a new foundation to guide in the conceptualization of novel designs using concepts that emerge from human–computer interaction (HCI). However, there are few studies about a theoretical and methodological framework to understand and expand the design space of interactive designs in a built environment. There are many concepts related to emerging new technologies in architecture such as building automation, smart homes, adaptive buildings, intelligent buildings, and interactive architecture. Embedding computation in physical environments changes our environment from a static to an interactive space. New technologies allow our built environment to become intelligent and interactive. We present three metaphorical concepts that can frame new ways of designing a smart environment that focuses on interaction rather than building automation, each of which have distinct HCI techniques. We posit that conceptual metaphors of device, robot, and friend can open up new design spaces for the interaction design of smart environments. However, most architectural concepts associated with smart environments such as smart homes and intelligent buildings tend to focus on how advances in technology can improve the quality of the residential environment using automation and not on how people interact with the environment. Digital technologies embedded in built environments provide an opportunity for environments to be more intelligent and interactive. Department of Software and Information Systems, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United StatesĪ metaphor is a design tool that can support designers in forming and exploring new design concepts during the process of designing.(Sheila Davis, The Songwriter's Idea Book. One of the most memorable lyrical compound metonyms is Lennon and McCartney's 'kaleidoscope eyes' those which after taking a hallucinogen, see the world in refracted images ('Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds')." For instance, a Frisbee dog is one that has been trained to catch Frisbees (an attribute). A compound metonym-usually two or three words-can be readily distinguished from a compound metaphor by a definition that always begins one that, one who, those which, and is followed by a significant quality or attribute. While the compound metaphor makes a fanciful figurative comparison between two unlike realms ('snail mail'), a compound metonym, in distinction, characterizes a single domain by using an associated literal attribute as a characterizing adjective, for example, coffee-table book: a (usually expensive) large-format book that is too big to fit on a bookshelf, thus it's displayed on a table-effect for the cause. "Like metaphor, metonymy also comes in a compound-word form. Buy the cigarette and you buy the life-style, or the fantasy of living it.'" establishes a metonymic connection-completely spurious of course, but realistically plausible-between smoking that particular brand and the healthy, heroic, outdoor life of the cowboy. "'It’s just a question of understanding how language works.'. What you didn’t tell me was that drag is a metonymy and cope is a metaphor.' The bottom bit is called the drag because it’s dragged across the floor and the top bit is called the cope because it covers the bottom bit.' "'I don’t understand a word you’re saying.' In metaphor you substitute something like the thing you mean for the thing itself, whereas in metonymy you substitute some attribute or cause or effect of the thing for the thing itself.' "'Metaphor is a figure of speech based on similarity, whereas metonymy is based on contiguity. "'One of the fundamental tools of semiotics is the distinction between metaphor and metonymy.
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